The Constitution of Medina

The central argument in the Medina constitution is the establishment and advancement of pluralism. Against the current Muslim ideologies that discourage pluralism, the Medina constitution is one of the evidences indicating that early Muslims were democratic and embraced pluralism. The pluralistic ideals are spelt out in almost every chapter in the Medina constitution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution of Medina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The constitution of Medina outlines a series of agreements that were drawn up in the first three years after the Hirja to end the differences between the people of Yatrib and the Muhajirun. As a result, a number of rights as well responsibilities were drafted for the Jews and Muslims in Medina to bring them as Umma, a distinct community from the surrounding pagan society1. The constitution instituted an Islamic state. In addition, the constitution was also dr afted to take into action the interests of the emigrants from Mecca spelling out their rights and bond that connects the emigrants with other communities in Medina. The Medina’s constitution also established a free state that in effect was a pluralistic society including Muslims, Jews, and pagans. The document is partitioned into two segments. The first part stipulates the mutual relations among Muslims while the second part addresses the rules that control inter-communal concerns between the Muslims and the Jews. The Medina’s constitution opens by establishing one community consisting of the emigrants from Mecca and the native Muslims. The agreement states that the Muslims of Yatrib together with their followers as well as those who labored with them are one community of believers known as the Umma. The provisions assert that the Umma are to make war as one. The believers shall not leave anyone needy among them by failing to disburse his liberation money in a show of kindness. Further, believers are to seek revenge if any Muslim is killed fighting in the way of God. However, if a Muslim kills a fellow Muslim, then the customary laws of revenge keep on functioning2. Moreover, the constitution asserts that believers shall be in opposition to any person who seeks to spread hatred, corruption as well as prejudice among the believers. In other words, any one practicing the vices should be considered a non-believer. Besides, the rules apply to the believers only. The constitution also emphasizes on the equal handling of all Muslims with value and decorum. The charter disbands the divisions between the inhabitants and the emigrant Muslims thereby presenting principles of equity and fairness to all Muslims irrespective or their origin of birth, tribe or ethnic background. In addition, the constitution does not condone the inhabitants to acquire the status of superiority over the immigrants. On the other hand, the immigrants are not supposed to be consid ered more important. The constitution also recognizes that the Jews who follow Muslims are not to be mistaken nor shall his foes be helped to carry out an injustice to him. The indivisibility of unbelievers is emphasized in the constitution. As such, when the believers are struggling in the way of God, the establishment stresses on a single peace made by all believers ensuring justice and equity to all. Moreover, when believers disagree on an issue, the charter stipulates that it have to be submitted to God and Muhammad. In addition, the establishment provides for believers to revenge for the blood of one another shed in the way of God. The constitution further provides for the believers to hit back to whoever found guilty of murdering a believer devoid of any good reason.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The constitution further expands the range of the population that it governs. Fo r instance, the charter asserts that the bond between the members of the Umma exceeds any relation or accords between them and the pagans. Furthermore, the charter recognizes the various religious, cultural, ethnic and linguistic attributes of the Jews just as it recognizes the similar multiplicity within the Muslim fraternity. As such, the constitution acknowledges the principles of equity and fairness amongst all the tribes of the Jews. The charter goes further to eliminate the notion that some Jewish tribes are better placed3. The acknowledgement shows that the constitution embraces equality and self-respect among all the Jews. In addition, the medina constitution contributes immensely in the establishment of a pluralistic society where Medina is not considered as a Muslim society but a community consisting of people of diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds. Further, the constitution grants the liberty of faith by stating that the Muslims have their own religious convictions a nd the Jews have their own faith. In addition, the Jews are expected to fight along their Muslim brothers but covering their own cost. The Medina charter also recognizes that at times of war, the Muslims pay for their own expenses and the Jews bear their expenses as long as there is no betrayal. The charter asserts that Medina was to be haram for its people and Muhammad is its founding holy man. The responsibilities of Muhammad range from arbitration of disputes to solving the problems of justice within the city as well as relations with outsiders. Further, Muhammad conducted an efficient fight back against Mecca to establish power within Medina. The Jews and the Muslims are not to go to war without the authorization of Muhammad. Through the establishment of a pluralistic state, the constitution acknowledges that Medina is not only a Muslim state but also includes the believers of other faiths. For instance, Medina comprised of the Muslims, the Jews and even pagans. The charter also recognizes the importance of religious tolerance by leaving every believer to practice its own faith. The constitution recognizes Muhammad as a prophet of God having a divine connection with God in all sides of life. Given these complete assurance in the reality envisaged in Islam, the charter fails to institute a sanctimonious state that forces its citizens to embrace the faith of Islam. Further, the agreement establishes mutual coexistence between the Jews and the Muslims so that each community helps each other during attacks. Through seeking of shared counsel as well as consultations and development of loyalty between the communities, there is a potential elimination of treachery. Clearly, it is observed that with the charter, the prophet was able to establish his authority in Medina, work out alliances with the neighboring tribes and as a result, carry out an effective struggle against Mecca. The consequent success was the eventual success of Medina. Bibliography Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century. London: Pearson/Longman, 2004.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution of Medina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Footnotes 1 Kennedy Hugh, The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century (London: Pearson/Longman, 2004), 28. 2 Kennedy Hugh, The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century (London: Pearson/Longman, 2004), 31. 3 Kennedy Hugh, The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century (London: Pearson/Longman, 2004), 33. This essay on The Constitution of Medina was written and submitted by user Alexa Mathis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jane Addams Essay Essays

Jane Addams Essay Essays Jane Addams Essay Essay Jane Addams Essay Essay Abstraction This life explores the life of societal worker innovator Jane Addams whose achievements continues even today to supply a platform of treatment of issues both past and present. Jane Addams accomplishments continue to hold a important impact on the Social work field of pattern today. Some of the challenges she wanted to get the better of was to mandate statute law on a local. province. and federal degree. which allowed all people to have the aid they needed regardless of race. sex societal category or faith. Jane came from a household that was considered good to make. but her desire was to be a altruistic giver to the hapless. advocator for women’s rights. and to alter Torahs that may assist to set an terminal to poorness. She advocated for Torahs against child labour. bounds working hours of adult females. mandate schooling for kids. and wanted to protect immigrants from geographic expedition. Due to her willingness to contend for the hapless she was called a womens rightist. a sapphic. but she was really a societal reformist. a mover and shaker. and thanks to her Torahs was changed to protect the hapless. Social Work PioneersIntroduction of Pioneer Harmonizing to Allen ( 1973 ) . Laura Jane Addams was born in September 6. 1860. in Cedarville. Illinois and died in May 21. 1935. During her life span. Jane grew up during the Civil War and the development of important inventions such as the beginning of species. She experienced a good life since she came from a household of a celebrated politician and a factory proprietor named John Addams. Jane’s female parent died when in infirmary as she delivered her 9th kid. populating Jane a two twelvemonth old and others in the attention of their male parent. At an early age of four. Jane developed a disease of TB of the spinal column that caused a curving on her dorsum and contributed to wellness jobs during her life-time. Jane became close to her male parent emotionally and intellectually. Although John Addams was non involved in feminism. he provided his girl a good instruction by directing her to Rockford Seminary. which was a women’s establishment in Rockford Illinois. Jane became the first adult female in her household to go to school. During her surveies at Rockford. she became empowered by life in a adult females background. where she gained accomplishments. and became an academic and societal leader. She organized an attempt to present baccalaureate grades in the school. and got one after functioning a category of Valedictorian. After her graduation at Rockford in 1931. her male parent died of a disease known as appendicitis go forthing all his wealth to his kids. Jane Addams had her ain spiritual beliefs and had a strong desire of uplifting Christianity. She had really strong spiritual positions. which were due to legion experiences in college. At Rockford College. Jane had studied the Bible through her classs. and had gained cognition sing the New Testament. Additionally. she was supposed to cognize a bible verse day-to-day when in college and listen to a day-to-day poetry discourse. Presbyterian Church was her chief denomination. but she besides attended the ethical society in Chicago and the Unitarian Church. She besides established a relationship with accepted members of the Jewish community ( Allen. 1973 ) . Politically. Jane Addams was involved in the procedure of runing for Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. during the presidential run of the progressive Party. She was besides involved in the party platform. despite the fact the party was more dedicated to developing more battlewagons. By 1915. Jane was elected as the national president to stand for adult females in assorted capacities. This place required frequent visits to Europe and Asia following World War I. During this period. she visited The Hague. attended the international Women’s Conference. where she was chosen to happen a solution that would stop the war. In 1917. she joined the family of rapprochement USA. and subsequently the Fellowship Counsel. Pioneers Contribution to Social Work Practice Settings/Fields of Social Work Practice Jane Addams had the desire to assist people because she believed that she needed to accomplish something in the universe that would assist better the lives of people. She believed that the universe needed to reform and present opportunities for adult females to accomplish something in their societies. She besides believed that female parents should be assisted in different countries such as public wellness. demands for kids. and universe peace. These were some of the grounds why she fought for women’s rights to vote. She saw the demand for adult females to be effectual and responsible in doing effectual determinations within the society. During her visit to Europe. Jane Addams visited Toynbee Hall. which was a pioneering Christian colony in London. This inspired her towards international prominence. During her visit to the Hall. Jane saw the committedness of immature work forces in assisting the hapless and promoting them to populate positively. She developed the idea of retroflexing the Hall colony in America ( Allen. 1973 ) . Upon her return to the United States. Jane founan exceeding topographic point for the edifice in a hapless vicinity of immigrants in Chicago. and in 1889. the Hull House was opened. The house started operating by leting the reaching of new immigrants and developing societal plans. The Hull House did non see any societal or political limitations. which allowed the colony workers to work decently by reacting to the vicinity needs through the development of undertakings. The Hull House became widely recognized. which prompted the in-migration of knowing adult females from different topographic points. Despite the women-identified infinite. the house besides had male pupils who became successful leaders in the hereafter. At the Hull House Addams played important functions such as learning. documenting unwellnesss such as typhoid febrility. set uping the duties of immature people incorporated in the American procedures. and presented feminine ideals by educating. and supplying the demands of adult females in the society that the house was established ( Katherine. 2004 ) . Specific Contributions/Awards Addams became among the respected and recognized persons within the state. This led to her association with legion progressive runs that had influence on many people. particularly adult females around the United States. In 1899. Addams was perceived as an militant against war workss. who developed peaceable motions aimed at reconstructing peace around the universe. Her peaceable motions were recognized after the World War I. when taking peace establishments. She besides started to originate with societal justness and began look intoing the root causes of societal apprehensions. During her trips to different states. Jane met different diplomats. presidents. and civic leaders and was able to show her beliefs about women’s typical mission in her state. which was to keep peace. Because of the peaceable motion attempts. Jane Addams was received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. She was applauded because she was the primary adult female in the universe to win the award and for her belief of the demand to set up American democracy. After having the award. Jane shared her choice money with the other adult females to help in covering some of the disbursals and ease the movement’s mission. Barriers/Challenges/Constraints Despite her popularity and influence. Jane Addams faced challenges in her life ( Katherine. 2004 ) . For illustration. instantly after WW1. her belief in the demand for keeping peace and her refusal to promote the war and the United States engagement in the war presented negative response. which made the public angry with her. and her return was viewed as a more gender function evildoing that the populace could non digest. Following this. her popularity declined. and she became a victim of violent gender unfavorable judgment. Harmonizing to Katherine ( 2004 ) . due to her new function as a societal castaway and critic. Addams started to concentrate on nationalism. which was reflected in many of her books and articles. some of which were non printed because she was believed to be anti-American. Although she was extremely criticized. Jane neer gave up and continued to work on advancing peace through her publications that were focused on peace and war. For illustration. the publication of many books dedicated to the subject of political relations every bit good as war. Drumhead In drumhead. the Hull House and the Peace Movement were the cardinal pillars of Jane Addams bequest ( Katherine. 2004 ) . She dedicated her whole life to assist in the development of persons such as adult females and their rights in the American society and hapless people. particularly those populating around the Hull House vicinity. She besides contributed to societal work. which led to the constitution of the platform for justness that autumn under the societal work field. Additionally. Hull House presented an chance for Jane to work with accepted members of the school of sociology. which enabled her to work through applied sociology and brought societal reforms on different degrees. Jane Addams besides participated in political relations by utilizing her influence on people to carry on Campaigns in support of the Progressive Party of Theodore Roosevelt. Despite the challenges she faced of being viewed as an castaway who was gender biased and an anti- American. Jane Addams neer gave up and was still able to act upon a batch of people from her former plants and through her book publications and addresss that continued to prophesy about universe peace and reforms. Presently. her thoughts on different issues such as political. societal. and economic reforms still act upon some international states and the United States. Deductions for Social Work Practice Today Harmonizing to Social Care Institute for Excellence ( 2010 ) . presently. societal workers have a critical duty in making and implementing societal attention and support services to persons. The important part of societal work is focused on back uping and advancing control and healthy picks to people who experience life troubles due to hapless backgrounds. mental wellness issues. physical disablements. and old age fortunes. Social work practice’s part is to guarantee that services are personalized and that individual’s rights are maintained through cut downing struggles and back uping people to keep safety and avoid hazards. and geting cognition on using statute law. Additionally. societal work pattern involves the development of professional relationships and promoting people in their households and communities. geting practical support and services. and working together to advance positive results for people. Furthermore. deductions of societal work pattern today are based on the indispensable function of back uping persons who face life-changing events and working with people whose rights are ignored or abused. Social workers work together to set up a position of an single. alternatively of measuring their personal negativenesss or fortunes. This enables societal workers to set up a positive solution that presents better results. This information on societal work pattern will enable me to pattern the awaited deductions of societal work directed to societal workers. The duties placed on societal workers will enable me develop my accomplishments and be able to back up people through measuring their demands. options. and fortunes every bit good as develop support programs and reappraisals. I will besides be able to work with households. better their wellness state of affairss. and safeguard people whose rights may be undermined doing them vulnerable to mistreat. The information is indispensable because it lays out the functions and experiences that I will be anticipating during my professional pattern. MentionsAllen. D. ( 1973 ) . American heroine: The life and fable of Jane Addams. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brown. V. ( 2004 ) . The instruction of Jane Addams. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Katherine. J. ( 2004 ) . Jane Addams: A writer’s life. Urbana. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. Social Care Institute for Excellence. ( 2010 ) . Personalisation briefing – Deductions for societal workers in adults’ services. Retrieved 27 January 2013. From. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. scie. org. uk/publications/ataglance/ataglance29. asp

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know it’s possible to totally delete a set of ACT scores you don’t like? Poof - just like that. A bad set of ACT scores can vanish. This isn't a well known fact, and in fact we were surprised to discover it ourselves. But it has big implications for how you test, especially if you're afraid of taking the test too many times because it'll look bad to colleges. We will explain how to delete ACT scores and discuss in which circumstances it might make sense. Read on for an exclusive guide to getting rid of bad ACT scores. What Does Deleting an ACT Test Score Do? Deleting a test record means you are completely erasing the scores from a particular test date. This includes both the overall composite score and the individual section scores. (For more on ACT scoring, see our post.) If you do this, those scores will be permanently deleted and you will never see them again. You also won’t get a refund for that test date. This is different from canceling scores – canceling stops the ACT from grading a particular test (students usually do this if they get sick or really struggle on test day). This means the scores never even exist because the test was never graded. For scores to be deleted, the test obviously has to be graded and scored first. We'll talk about some reasons students might delete an ACT test record below. Why Would You Delete an ACT Test Record? Basically, if you have an ACT score you’re unhappy with and don’t want colleges to see, you can delete it. Again, keep in mind you’re forfeiting the money you spent to get that score if you do this. This gets you around the requirement some colleges have to send all of your existing standardized test scores. For example, both Stanford and Yale require applicants to send all scores they have from the ACT or SAT. â€Å"Official scores from all test dates must be sent to Stanford directly from the ACT or the College Board (the reporting agency for the SAT) or both if the applicant has taken the ACT and the SAT. Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency," says Stanford on their admissions site. â€Å"You must report the scores of all of the SATs and any SAT Subject Tests you have taken, or all of the ACTs and ACT Writing Tests that you’ve taken," says Yale. However, if you delete an ACT score, it will no longer exist – making it impossible to send. I spoke with someone at the ACT who confirmed that colleges will not see scores you have deleted. Is this a bit of a sneaky workaround? Maybe. But if the ACT gives you the option to delete your test scores, there is nothing wrong with your using that service. By accepting the ACT as a standardized test, colleges have to also accept the ACT’s score policies, including score deletion. ACT Test Scores You Can't Delete Even though deleting ACT scores is possible in some cases, keep the following exceptions in mind. First, you can’t delete every possibleACT score you have. Specifically, you can’t delete scores associated with state or district tests. This is because those scores aren’t just for you, they’re used to evaluate your school and district. Furthermore, if you take the ACT as part of district testing, you didn’t pay for it. The ACT says students have the right to delete their scores because â€Å"students own their test scores.† In short, deleting only applies to testing that you paid for. A map showing the states that use the ACT as part of their testing. Image via ACT State Services. Second, deleting a test record won’t do anything about scores that have already been sent to colleges. So if you had your scores sent to colleges right after you took the ACT, you can't get those reports back. In fact, we recommend that you not send those four free score reports that come with your ACT registration because they’re sent before you know your score, which is pretty risky. Should You Delete Your ACT Scores? Don’t delete a test record before you’re sure of a few things. You don't want to act too quickly and completely lose a test record forever before you're positive you want it deleted. First, Where Are You Applying? Some schools, for example MIT, don’t require applicants to send all of their scores. â€Å"Students are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option and the ACT's option to submit the scores of your choice as well," they say on their admissions site. Harvard has the same policy: â€Å"You are free to use the College Board Score Choice option or the similar option offered by the ACT.† If you are only applying to schools that allow you to use score choice – or in other words to only send your best scores – you don’t have to worry about deleting bad ACT scores. To see if a school allows score choice, search for the â€Å"Standardized Testing† page on their application website. Schools will specify there if they want all of your scores or if they’ll let you use score choice. If the info isn't on the standardized testing page, check the Frequently Asked Questions. Also stay tuned for our post about which schools require all scores. Second, How Low is Low? In case you are applying to schools that require you to submit all scores, or even if you have a score you don’t think you would send if you had the choice, you should decide if that score is really too low to keep. See our guide to good, bad, and excellent ACT scores to see if the score you’re worried about is in range for your target schools. Don’t delete a score unless you’re positive it’s bad. This is especially true if your composite was lower than you wanted, but you had some high section scores. It’s possible that on a retake you could get a higher composite but have certain section scores go down, and you might want colleges to see those high section scores. For example, say your first ACT composite was a 26 but you had a 34 on the Math section. If you retake the ACT and get to a 32 composite but your math score is 30 the second time around, you would lose that high math score. Think carefully before deleting a set of ACT scores with any high section scores. Third, Don't Delete Your Score Too Quickly Do not delete your ACT score until you already have achieved a higher score on a retake. If you delete your score before you retake the ACT, what happens if you get an even lower score on the retake? Then you have lost your higher score and can’t get it back. The best case then would be to retake the ACT a third time, costing you more time and money. There is no rush on deleting your scores, so focus on retaking the ACT and getting a higher score before you worry about deleting a low score. Patience isn't only a virtue... it can save you time and money. Fourth, When Did You Take the ACT? If you took the ACT for a talent competition or other program in middle school or earlier, you don't have to delete those scores, even if they’re super low. Colleges are only concerned with standardized testing you took while in high school. If anything, participation in early talent programs will look good on college applications, so you have no need to delete a score from an ACT back in middle school. So How Do You Actually Delete an ACT Record? To delete a test record, you simply have to submit a written request to ACT. Provide your name and home address and state you wish to delete a test record. Mail the request to: ACT Institutional Services P.O. Box 168 Iowa City, IA 52243-0168 USA ACT will then mail you a form to complete and return. After you submit the form, the test record will then be permanently deleted from ACT’s records. There is no additional cost for this – however, you are forfeiting whatever you paid to take the ACT on that test date. What’s Next? Have an ACT score you’re not proud of? We have resources to help you prepare to knock your retake out of the park. Start by reading a guide to a perfect ACT score by our 36 full-scorer. Even if you're not going for a perfect score, these study principles can help you make the improvements you need to get a higher ACT score. Get strategies for reading ACT science passages, concepts you need to master ACT English, and learn how to stop running out of time on ACT Math. We recommend taking at least one full-length, strictly-timed ACT practice test to get used to the test format and build your stamina. Get links to free, official tests here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

BUSI 2060 Personal Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSI 2060 Personal Finance - Assignment Example Second, a whole life policy combines a term policy with a cash investment component. The cover will remain relevant even when she changes employers unlike the group policy. I disagree because a large amount right would mean that she pays higher premiums. This is almost impossible because she has four dependants and her job would not provide adequate income to cover for all the living expenses including the insurance policy (Brown, Chambers & Currie, 2001). A whole life insurance policy is the best guarantee because a percentage of the premium can be used in creating a cash value. Afterwards, the cash value can be used to pay off the entire policy after a few years. A whole life cover is also desirable given that it ensures that a policy holder saves on taxes. Generally, a whole insurance policy would have a high cash value in the event of death and this could mean that dependants will have enough to support them. I disagree with the young couple because the insurance cover is almost half the combined income of the household but does not spread risk. The two couples earn an annual combined income of $57,000 and incur $25,000 as insurance expense. The amount of insurance does cover most of the risks but does not cover for the death of the head of the family (Brown, Chambers & Currie, 2001). Should the man die, the mother of the children will be forced to cover for both her insurance expenses and that of the children. She earns an annual income of $12,000 while the combined insurance expense for the survived family members is $15,000. This means that she will be forced to renegotiate the insurance cover of which it will expose the family members to additional risks. I agree with the retired couple because the surrender value is less than half of the whole life policy. The two do not have dependents and can survive on their pension income as well as their investments. They have reached a late stage in their life and cashing in $12,200 would mean that they

Revising for Unity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revising for Unity - Assignment Example The best way to do this is to make bullies aware of their aggressive actions, and the pain the actions cause on their peers. In addition, victims should also be encouraged and made aware that change can always happen. 2) Change in the bullying culture can be spearheaded by all of us. Even fourth graders can do it. Parents too can take part in effecting this change. We can all partner and promote campaigns against bullying. These campaigns can allow kids and even adults who have once undergone bullying in their lives or are undergoing bullying to tell their stories so as to create awareness to everyone on the damaging effects of bullying, thus encourage them into taking action against this act. Young people can also hold meet ups and discuss the impact of bullying, as well as create more solutions to bullying. 3) The solution to bullying is a community wide thing. In fact, blaming bullies or being on their necks is not the way out of this problem. The society needs to be one; it needs to be a united agent of change if society is going to change. I understand that bullying is traumatizing from my personal experience, and I took it upon me to spread the word to parents and other students, who would help intervene and stop bullying in schools. I am part of the agents of change. The essay aims at sensitizing people on the harmful effect of bullying. In America, Bullying is a rampant problem in schools and thus it needs to be taken seriously. The effects of bullying in most instances are detrimental to the development of the victim. Usually, after experiencing bullying, the victim’s self-esteem tends to diminish greatly. As such, I want my readers to understand and learn that bullying is a serious vice which should be discouraged and eliminated from the American school system since it leaves the victim (like me) scarred both emotionally, psychologically and physically for life. Each of the paragraph sentences relate to the paragraph’s

Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Information Systems Essay An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. Like any other system, an information system includes inputs (data, instructions) and outputs (reports, calculations). It processes the inputs by using technology such as PCs and produces outputs that are sent to users or to other systems via electronic networks and a feedback mechanism that controls the operation. Information systems generally are classified into five categories: office information systems, transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems. McD Information system There are many types of information systems used in McDonalds such as : Transaction Processing System (TPS) First transaction happens when two people make an exchange, and collecting data about it called transaction processing, so transaction processing is collecting, storing, modifying, and retrieving the transactions of an organization. Transaction system is important to answer routine questions, and it helps to conduct business such as payroll, employee record keeping or paying an employee. Its important to store the data of the transaction save and protected because transaction generally involves an exchange of money which is critical to any organization. How Transaction Processing System is implementing in McDonalds? McDonalds everyday sells a huge amount of hamburgers ,so McDonalds should order raw material from its supplier , each time McDonalds place an order with its supplier , a transaction happens , and the transaction processing system records the relevant information such as supplier ‘name , address , the quality of the items purchased and finally the invoice amount. Decision support system (DSS) Decision support system is used to model data and make quality decision based on the data , making the right decision is usually based on the quality of the data and ones ability to analyze the data , Decision Support Systems are usually computer applications with a human component. They can sift through large amounts of data and pick between the many choices and supports the non – routine decision. How decision support system implemented in McDonalds? At first McDonalds began as a small restaurant, selling foods to customers , the business expanded slowly ,then McDonalds analyze the market well to come with opportunity, as we know we live in the time of technology , so McDonalds thought of providing wireless services , so the company gather information about the customer usage of wireless services , length of stay and sales level , then the decision support system analyze the data to come up with the decision of providing wireless service in their restaurant. Management Information Systems (MIS) Management information system is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management information systems involve three primary resources: technology, information, and people, and the most important resource is people, the information that we get supports the routine decision making in the functional areas How Management Information System is implemented in McDonalds? In McDonalds they implement MIS system which is used to produce periodic reports such as a daily list of employees and the hours they work, or a monthly report of expenses as compared to a budget. McDonalds used MIS because the purpose of MIS is to provide profitability and information to help managers and staff understand the business performance and plan its future direction.

Hamlet is Not the Protagonist Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet is Not the Protagonist      Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon reading Hamlet or watching a rendition of the great Shakespearean tragedy, the casual audience member might be tempted to view the character Hamlet as the virtuous individual who encounters grief because of a tragic flaw.   This is after all, the formula for any modern tragedy.   In fact, the presumption is accurate with one exception.   Hamlet is not a virtuous individual.      While the play revolves around Hamlet, Hamlet is not the protagonist.   Rather, he is like the main characters in The Day of the Jackal or Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in that he is really the antagonist or contra vida with which the audience finds itself sympathizing.   This is most clearly evidenced in the ease with which Hamlet is able to kill innocent characters and subsequently disregard his actions.   Examples of this are the time he kills Polonius and then lightheartedly criticizes himself for killing the wrong person and the time he sends his innocent childhood friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths because their disloyalty displeased him.   In addition, Hamlet also dismisses the death of his love, Ophelia, when she drowns in the river.    The reason Hamlet is this way is that he has lost faith in humanity; as G. Wilson Knight puts it, "He has seen through humanity."   He sees the reality of the world to be that evil rules.   Because of this, Hamlet becomes a cynic, in that he is critical of the motives of others.   One example of this is the time when Hamlet scoffs at Laertes' show of grief for the death of Ophelia as he dives in the grave after him.   He does not believe that the sentiments expressed by Laertes are sincere.      For these reasons, Hamlet's "inhuman cynic... ...audius is guilty.    Although Hamlet is obviously the main character of the play, he is not the protagonist that one would expect.   He shifts to the dark side when he vows to avenge the death of his father.   Hamlet had a tragic flaw, his inability to act when it was most important for him.   However, it was not because of this tragic flaw that he encountered grief.   His flaw only brought him death.   Without it, he would still be a miserable, slightly insane cynic unable to find happiness.   While Hamlet is obviously a tragedy, Shakespeare did not follow the tragic formula exactly.   Perhaps this is why the play is so popular and is considered his greatest work.    Works Cited Knight, G. Wilson.   "The Embassy of Death."   The Wheel of Fire.   London:   Methuen & Co., 1954. Shakespeare, William.   Hamlet.   New York:   The Folger Shakespeare Library,   1992. Hamlet is Not the Protagonist Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet Hamlet is Not the Protagonist      Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon reading Hamlet or watching a rendition of the great Shakespearean tragedy, the casual audience member might be tempted to view the character Hamlet as the virtuous individual who encounters grief because of a tragic flaw.   This is after all, the formula for any modern tragedy.   In fact, the presumption is accurate with one exception.   Hamlet is not a virtuous individual.      While the play revolves around Hamlet, Hamlet is not the protagonist.   Rather, he is like the main characters in The Day of the Jackal or Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in that he is really the antagonist or contra vida with which the audience finds itself sympathizing.   This is most clearly evidenced in the ease with which Hamlet is able to kill innocent characters and subsequently disregard his actions.   Examples of this are the time he kills Polonius and then lightheartedly criticizes himself for killing the wrong person and the time he sends his innocent childhood friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths because their disloyalty displeased him.   In addition, Hamlet also dismisses the death of his love, Ophelia, when she drowns in the river.    The reason Hamlet is this way is that he has lost faith in humanity; as G. Wilson Knight puts it, "He has seen through humanity."   He sees the reality of the world to be that evil rules.   Because of this, Hamlet becomes a cynic, in that he is critical of the motives of others.   One example of this is the time when Hamlet scoffs at Laertes' show of grief for the death of Ophelia as he dives in the grave after him.   He does not believe that the sentiments expressed by Laertes are sincere.      For these reasons, Hamlet's "inhuman cynic... ...audius is guilty.    Although Hamlet is obviously the main character of the play, he is not the protagonist that one would expect.   He shifts to the dark side when he vows to avenge the death of his father.   Hamlet had a tragic flaw, his inability to act when it was most important for him.   However, it was not because of this tragic flaw that he encountered grief.   His flaw only brought him death.   Without it, he would still be a miserable, slightly insane cynic unable to find happiness.   While Hamlet is obviously a tragedy, Shakespeare did not follow the tragic formula exactly.   Perhaps this is why the play is so popular and is considered his greatest work.    Works Cited Knight, G. Wilson.   "The Embassy of Death."   The Wheel of Fire.   London:   Methuen & Co., 1954. Shakespeare, William.   Hamlet.   New York:   The Folger Shakespeare Library,   1992.

How Sarbannes-Oxley Act affects internal controls

Sarbanes-Oxley Act which is also referred to as the public company accounting reform and investor protection act is a wider legislation passed in 2002. The SOX act has provisions touching on the standards for all the United States public firms’ boards, management as well as the public accounting companies. Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been considered one of most important legislation to the America’s security laws probably since the New Deal of passed in 1930s. According to Moeller (2008) it has eleven sections that clearly spell out the standards it oversees. The provisions of this law implies that American companies as well as those with the united states listings have a legal obligation to show that they have efficient and effective mechanisms of both internal control and financial reporting. The main objective of the Act is to enhance both transparency and financial reporting disclosures that would stifle any form of corporate or financial fraud. The SOX also enforces the responsibility of the senior officers in ensuring accuracy as well as honesty in the disclosure of financial outcomes (Porter & Norton, 2007). The Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002, in sections 302 and 404 have some tough provisions regarding the internal controls. Section 302 for example calls for certification of all information relayed to the public or market as correct. This section also requires evaluation of the â€Å"disclosure controls† (that is having full control of all information issued to the public) as well as being aware of any changes that would or might affect the performance of the controls from the time evaluation was done. It requires that every company set up certain internal procedures that would ensure honesty and accuracy in financial reporting (Kairab 2004). Section 404 on the other hand a requirement for annual evaluation of controls effectiveness and procedures for financial reporting. It further stipulates that this evaluation must be vindicated by an external auditor’s report. Moeller (2008) suggests that the external auditors are obligated to give opinion regarding the effective internal controls over financial disclosure was adhered to in every material respects by the management. In addition to this, the external auditors are further mandated to offer an opinion on the financial statements accuracies (Ramos, 2006). Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley act requires both the management and the external auditor to disclose on the adequacy of the firm’s internal control over financial disclosures. It has been considered quite costly to implement because documenting as well as testing some of the vital financial manual and other related automated controls would need a lot of effort (Moeller 2008). Benefits so Far In a research carried out in 2006 among almost 2,500 American companies, it was found out that those firms that had no material limitation in their internal controls and those that corrected any of such limitations in appropriate and timely manner, registered a greater outcome in share prices as oppose to firms that did not. The report further showed that the profits to a compliant firm in share price were much higher than the companies’ respective costs for Sarbanes-Oxley Act section 404 (Ramos, 2006). Conclusion Despite many attempts by PCAOB to help reduce the high cost of compliance, practice as well as guidance, much is needed to be done to improve on the management of companies vis-a-vis adherence to the Sarbanes-Oxley act. Nevertheless it is one great piece of legislation that will help to safeguard some of the America’s companies fundamental imperative in their markets which are characterizes by high level of corporate confidence as well as participation which has long been second to none.

Ego, Id, and Superego Essay

â€Å"The poor ego has a still harder time of it; it has to serve three harsh masters, and it has to do its best to reconcile the claims and demands of all three†¦ The three tyrants are the external world, the superego, and the id.† That quote was said by the physiologist Sigmund Freud. Freud developed a system of classifying individual’s mental life. The system is id, ego, and superego. In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, id, ego, and superego are used to deepen the audience’s outlook on the main characters. Ralph represented ego, which could be compared to being human. Jack represented id, which symbolized evil. Finally, Simon represented superego, which can be compared to an angel. Ralph represented ego, which was a self serving person who had flaws. Ralph was self centered because all he cared about was being rescued, â€Å"we want to be rescued; and of course we shall be rescued.† (37). That quote demonstrated Ralph’s focus on being rescued. Ralph tried to obtain order by having the conch, and being a leader to the other boys. Ralph’s human flaws surfaced when he made fun of Piggy, and when he joined Jack in acting out the killing of the pig, eventually killing Simon. â€Å"‘That was Simon.’ ‘You said that before.’ ‘Piggy.’ ‘Uh?’ ‘That was murder.’† (156). That quote showed that Ralph knew what he did was very wrong, and he felt guilty. Ralph’s human qualities became very translucent. Id is best matched up to Jack Merridew because he would seek adventure, and look for personal pleasure. Jack represented evil from the beginning because of the way he took Piggy’s glasses and his cruelty to the little kids by yelling at them. â€Å"He tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up.† (51). That quote demonstrated how Jack had transformed into a savage killer who didn’t care about being rescued. â€Å"The forest near them burst into uproar. Demoniac figures with faces of white and red and green rushed out howling, so that the littluns fled screaming.† (140). That quote showed Jack and his hunters attacking Piggy and Ralph. Jack scared off the ‘littleuns’ which showed he didn’t care about anyone. Jack becomes so savage that he killed Simon in an attempt to act out killing the beast. It was clear Jack that a representation of evil. Simon was a prime example of superego. All Simon did was good, the novel never showed Simon as evil. â€Å"Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless outstretched hands.† (56). That quote proved Simon was compassionate to all the kids, even the ‘littleuns’. â€Å"Simon, sitting between the twins and Piggy, wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy.† (74). That quote was another example of kindness shown by Simon. Simon gave his meat to Piggy when the other boys refused to give him any. When Simon was killed by all the other boys, for no reason, he was going to find them to tell them that the beast was not real. That displayed Simon only wanted to do good, he was truly an angelic figure. Sigmund Freud’s system of classifying individual’s metal life was very applicable to the novel Lord of the Flies. Ralph represented human nature in ego because he was focused on his own desire to be rescued. Jack showed he represented evil by showing his meanness and savageness, which all fell into the category of id. Simon strived for good, which made him superego, and he would be represented by an angel. In conclusion, Freud’s system of mental classification is always conflicting, much like Ralph, Jack, and Piggy’s personalities.

How a horse changed my life Essay Example

How a horse changed my life Essay Example How a horse changed my life Essay How a horse changed my life Essay I was helping my AH group with our International night table when I decided to play my luck at the raffle table. I put all my money Into one basket and actually won the raffle basket. It was a basket for horse lovers and Included horse grooming products and books about horses. I never rode a horse before because I was born with multiple disabilities Including a tethered spinal cord and life threatening latex allergy. My biggest challenge In life has been living on the outlasts spectrum. I could not be around crowds, loud noises and I avoided being part f groups and activities. I did not have self-confidence or a passion and my autism affected my ability to socialize. My mother saw how excited I was about willing and she took me to the horse farm for a rolling lesson. I soon found a passion. It was at this time, that the spinal babied was diagnosed. I had major surgery to repair the defect. After my surgery, I had to face the challenge of living with a partially paralyzed bowel and bladder and had to learn how to use my legs again. At first I would walk alongside the horses, and then I began riding horses again. The horse I was riding and walking with name was Pippin. He never gave up on me no matter how weak I was. Pippin was my best friend and was always there for me when needed someone to talk to. A year after my surgery Pippin and I were getting ready for my horse show. I ended falling off because I was still weak. When I fell Pippin did not run away like must horses. He stayed right by my side till I got up. The next week I won my first horse competition and fell in love with the sport. Pippin soon became part of the Master Family for all the work he did with me, and for his reward he now spends his days retired in a great big barn with a nice field.

Bachelor of Early Childhood Studies for Piaget

The four stage theory of Jean Piaget’s demonstrates the way through which children acquire knowledge through playing. This is one of the most critically criticized physiological theories of all decades. The theory on how children build up knowledge faced many challenges. Also many of them are pletely justified. Due to his grand vision the theory is fitting to round off this series on over 10 crucial child psychology studies along with the work of well known Swiss developmental psychologists Jean Piaget (Trevarthen et al., 2016).   His theory implies that, the intellect of a human develops with the help of assimilation, play and a modation. In the current field of technology the growing role of education system efficiently supports the understanding of the children. The nature of the technology encounters the need that helps to support the children to maximize their benefits. ICT in playground may be iPods, cell phones, MP3 players and puter are used to allow access to pictures, Video cameras and moreover games also. There are many ICT games available for the children such as Super Mario, puzzle, sketchpad, angry bird etc which helps them to explore their knowledge level. With the help of these ICT technologies the children can acquire high level knowledge. The stages mentioned in this theory include sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operation and formal operation. While prising ICT and children play it has been found that,   puter games help them to b e more familiar with technology.   This theory reflects that children play active roles in the cultural and historical theory of human culture. In order to refine and test the basic practices of schooldays the children nature are analyzed by Lev Vygotsky (Hamari & Nousiainen, 2015). This theory implies that even without the help of the adults, the children can reach their desired destination only learning from the society. This means that after playing different games in the childhood, the children can learn new skills and ideas from the society. With the help of new learning skills and ideas without any assistance the children can reach highest peak of success. In current days children are also widely using technology in their daily lives. ICT development in the early childhood provides high quality practices that are helpful to support the children development and learning. In order to make these choices the practitioners need to be much familiar with different tools. With the application of puter games and online games the children can learn a lot from the social context. This is the theory of how the children learn self regulation through playing. The theory developed by Sigmund Freud, states that playing is the way that helps to express all the socially unacceptable behaviors (Moore, 2017). Play also helps a child to expel his or her undesired feelings and all the actions through a much acceptable direction. The sense of control of the children reduces anxiety and also helps to express all their forbidden feelings. Not only traditional games but advanced puter gaming helps children to obtain sense of control over different events. In the early childhood children can gain self regulation power through play. ICT plays effective role in the early childhood days. Early childhood education and play both include many hardware and software as their technology. Play can promote abstract ideas through creating separation between the objectives and actions. Using both the action and objects children can effectively reach even beyond the standard development in cognition and self regulation. Not only this but also from ICT context, children also obtain mental representations on social roles and about the rules of society for self regulation. The theory developed by Gregory Bateson implies the way through which the children learn munication through playing. It is focused on the script that the children follow while playing any game. munication reflects the ability of the child and also their ability to learn something new (Siegler, 2016). The munication approach shared among the children is termed as Meta munication skill. After considering the ICT aspect it can be said that, for any child munication is an important tool that has to be used to share thoughts and ideas. ICT technology offers deep social changes that influence segment of the human life and children. The characteristics of play are related to different practical activities. prising the ways that help the children to learn municate drives the evolution through enabling organisms for rapid adoption of novel environment. Gregory, E., Lytra, V., & Ilankuberan, A. (2015). Divine games and rituals: how Tamil Saiva/Hindu siblings learn faith practices through play.  International Journal of Play,  4(1), 69-83. Hamari, J., & Nousiainen, T. (2015, January). Why do teachers use game-based learning technologies? The role of individual and institutional ICT readiness. In  System Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on  (pp. 682-691). IEEE. Moore, R. C. (2017).  Childhood's domain: Play and place in child development  (Vol. 6). Routledge. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).  Play and literacy in early childhood: Research from multiple perspectives. Routledge. Siegler, R. S. (2016). Continuity and change in the field of cognitive development and in the perspectives of one cognitive developmentalist.  Child Development Perspectives,  10(2), 128-133. Trevarthen, C., Panksepp, J., Bentzen, M., Lakoseljac-Andreasen, C., Rubin, P. B., Winstead, M., ... & Goldstein, B. (2016).  Inclusion, Play and Empathy: Neuroaffective Development in Children's Groups. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Protecting the Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Protecting the Environment - Research Paper Example As a result of the industrial revolution and globalization, however, today, we are used to a lifestyle that promotes all these ills. However, they are also promoted by governments that work in collaboration with industries that tend to pollute the environment and exploit natural resources in an unsustainable manner. The initiative and the drive to clean up the mess, therefore, need to come from governments across the world. This has been slow in coming but slowly, across the globe, there has been recognition of the political nature of the problem and the need for a political solution for this problem. This paper shall focus on the initiatives that the Brazil government has taken so as to decrease pollution that occurs as a result of the gases that are emitted by vehicles that run on fossil fuels. An energy crisis that occurred in Brazil during the 1970s made the government of this region sit up and take notice of the problem and made it recognize the need for finding a solution that would be long-lasting, to this problem (Hofstrand). This crisis was the result of the scarcity of fossil fuels during the 70s that led a lot of countries to look for means to reduce their dependence on imports for fuel. While most countries switched back to fossil fuels as soon as the crisis was over, Brazil opted for a more lasting and environment-friendly option. In this move, we see how the political will of the government was important in the setting up of the policy that has today reaped rich rewards. The Brazilian government is far ahead of other governments in the sophistication of its machinery and the availability of ethanol- based fuel. The ethanol fuel industry would not have reached the heights that it has reached today if not for the will of successive Brazilian governments that have maintained the production of this form of fuel as a priority and initially offered heavy subsidies to this industry as a result of which many car- manufacturers started producing automobile s that ran on ethanol. By the middle of the 1980s, most of the cars that were being produced in Brazil were ones that ran on ethanol. The response that the private automobile firms made to the scenario that developed was one that was encouraging but was based on the market forces of supply and demand. This scenario came about because of the commercial viability of ethanol- based fuels for the consumers; a situation that evolved out of the government’s policy of providing subsidies to the ethanol fuel industry (Thompson). This made the option of ethanol a profitable one for the consumer classes which in turn influenced the automobile industry to switch to the production of vehicles that ran partially or completely on ethanol. The government’s policy that subsidized the production of these fuels is what was instrumental in the present situation where private players have stepped into the fray, thereby allowing the government to spend more on welfare projects that further enhance the standard of living of the Brazilians. The policies that were followed by the Brazilian government, thus, have enabled the protection of the environment, without compromising upon the goals of development that are important for a developing country like Brazil. This again goes to prove that the protection of